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James N.Gray (1944–Missing 01/28/2007)

图灵奖获得时间：

1998年。 第三十三位图灵奖(1998年)获得者。

图灵奖引用(Turing Award Citation) ：

For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.

【笔者译：】

 (授予James Gray图灵奖以表彰其在) 数据库和事务(Transaction)处理研究领域开创性的贡献，和其在系统实现方面的领导地位。

 笔者注：

James Gray于2007年1月28日在旧金山出海去一个叫做Farallon Islands的小岛祭典并抛洒其去世的母亲骨灰时失踪。 James Gray失踪后，各方面进行了大规模的搜寻。其中也包括2007年2月1日，Digital Globe的卫星拍摄并发布了大量附近海面的卫星地图图像在Amazon Mechanical Turk上。并呼吁互联网用户查看图像从而可以定位James Gray的小船。

对James Gray的寻找活动中在2007年5月31日正式停止。

下图所示为Farallon Islands的位置图和当时各界搜寻James Gray所覆盖的区域：

关于事务处理(Transaction Processing):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_transaction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID

Transaction Processing

Transaction Processing Concepts and Techniques

事务处理的通常理论定义：

The execution of business operations consisting of one or several requests or updates to a system as discrete units of work, each of them a transaction.

A transaction has a start and it is finished by either a commit-command to activate all its changes made to the system or by a rollback-command to roll back the system to the previous state

That means: A transaction either processes all of its changes or none of them. After the execution the system is always left in a valid state.

Transactions have 4 basic properties – the so called ACID properties

A = Atomicity (a transaction is completely finished or completely rolled back)
C = Consistency (system gets a valid new state or stays in the previous state)
I = Isolation (transaction is separated from other ones during processing)
D = Durability (system is left in a valid state even after a system failure)
 

Turing Award Lecture(图灵奖演讲文章)：

What Next? A Few Remaining Problems in Information Technlogy, SIGMOD Conference 1999, ACM Turing Award Lecture.

James Gray简介:

James N. Gray1966年从Berkeley(www.berkeley.edu )获得其工程数学的学士学位，并于1969年获得其计算机科学的博士学位。

Gray博士毕业后，加入了工业界，先后任职于IBM(www.ibm.com )，Tandem(www.tandem.com , 已经是HP(www.hp.com )的一部分和DEC(www.dec.com ，目前已是HP的一部分)。

目前，Gray任职与微软研究院(http://research.microsoft.com/ )，主要从事大型数据库和事务处理的研究。

James Gray Wiki :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_N._Gray

James Gray在微软公司研究院的主页：

http://research.microsoft.com/~Gray/

关于微软研究院: http://research.microsoft.com/

An Interview with Jim Gray June 2003, Interviewed by David A. Patterson

ACM和加大伯克利分校在2008年3月31日召开了纪念Jim Gray的活动，请参阅：

http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/IPRO/JimGrayTribute/

James Gray照片:
 
 

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