计算的美丽–1975年图灵奖获得者Allen Newell

作者陈怀临 | 2008-03-15 17:08 | 类型人物评述, 计算的美丽 | Comments Off

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Allen Newell(03/19/1927–07/19/1992)

图灵奖获得时间：

1975 年。第十位图灵奖(1975年)获得者(与Herbert Simon共同获得) 。

图灵奖引用 (Turing Award Citation)：

In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequentially with numerous faculty and student collegues at Carnegie-Mellon University, they have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing.

【笔者译：】

“(授予Allen Newell图灵奖以表彰其在)开始于与在RAND(兰德)公司的与J. C. Shaw的合作，然后与Carnegie-Mellon Unviersity (CMU) 的众多教授和学生的合作的二十多年的科学生涯中，他们在人工智能，认知科学，编目处理方面作出了(卓越的)基础研究。”

【笔者注：】

RAND Cooperation(兰德公司): http://www.rand.org

兰德公司有美国政府智库一称。是一个非营利性质的研究结构。Allen在信息处理语言(Information Processing Language)方面，最早的两个AI(人工智能)语言 Logic Theory Machine和General Problem Solver做出了杰出的贡献。

关于Information Processing Language(IPL)方面，可参见：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Processing_Language

http://www.ipl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/index.html

http://www.ipl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/papers.html

http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/sys.html

关于Logic Theory Machine, 可参见：

http://bi.snu.ac.kr/Courses/g-cogs99/Logic_Theory_Machine.ppt

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Logic+Theory+Machine&btnG=Search

关于General Problem Solver,可参见：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver

http://www.cs.umbc.edu/471/notes/11/sld031.htm

或者：

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=+General+Problem+Solver&btnG=Search

关于认知科学(congition)方面的介绍，可参见：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/

http://www.cognitivesciencesociety.org/

Turing Award Lecture(图灵奖演讲文章)：

“Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search”. Commun. ACM 19(3): 113-126(1976)

Allen Newell简介:

Allen Newell生于1927年3月19日，去世于1992年7月19日。Allen是一个杰出的计算机和认知科学领域方面的科学家。

Allen Newell1949年-1950年在普林斯顿大学攻读其数学的研究生学位。在普林斯顿期间，Newell接触了当时新兴的学科博弈论 (Game Theory) 。Newell 结合其自己对数学学习的经验和理解，他决定选择一个实验与理论相结合的研究方向，而不是往纯数学方向发展。离开普林斯顿后，Newell加入了有美国智库之称的兰德公司(RAND)。

Allen Newell一生获得的荣誉很多，比如：

1971 – John Danz Lecturer, University of Washington
1971 – Harry Goode Memorial Award, American Federation of Information Processing Societies
1972 – National Academy of Sciences
1972 – American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1975 – A. M. Turing Award (with H. A. Simon), Association for Computing Machinery
1976-77 – John Simon Guggenheim Fellow
1979 – Alexander C. Williams Jr. Award (with William C. Biel, Robert Chapman and John L. Kennedy), Human Factors Society
1980 – National Academy of Engineering
1980 – First President, American Association for Artificial Intelligence
1982 – Computer Pioneer Award, Charter Recipient, IEEE Computer Society
1985 – Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, American Psychological Association
1986 – Doctor of Science (Honorary), University of Pennsylvania
1987 – William James Lectures, Harvard University
1989 – Award for Research Excellence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
1989 – Doctor in the Behavioral and Social Sciences (Honorary), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
1989 – William James Fellow Award (charter recipient), American Psychological Society
1990 – Emanuel R. Piore Award, Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers
1992 – National Medal of Science
1992 – Franklin Institute’s Louis E. Levy Medal
Allen Newell Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Newell