A Viz on Turing Awards 1966-2013(图灵奖获得者的可视化调查分析报告)

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原文可参阅:http://vizdiff.blogspot.com/2014/12/a-viz-on-turing-awards-1966-2013.html

 

Recently I came upon a summary about Turing award winners published in 2008 by a friend of mine, Huailin Chen, who maintains a blog about computation (in Chinese) http://www.valleytalk.org

This inspired me to build this dashboard to put all the award winners in a single page along with a bit of stats. Above is the result. This has nothing to do with the latest movie: The Imitation Game. Yet to watch it.

By Birth Country 

USA leads in the birth place rank with 38 natives among 61 laureates. None of the laureates are born in the Southern Hemisphere, although 2 are born at places as south as Venezuela and Sri Lanka.

By Gender 

3 women made the list which is largely dominated by men with a count of 58 or 95%.

By Age

2 won the awards at the tender age of 36 and 38: Donald Knuth (1974) and Robert Tarjan (1986).

The award winners’ age is trending higher. In 1980, the projected age is 50 and in 1998, it’s 60. In 2016, the forecast shows that future laureates will be around 70. The award age increases 10 every 18 years. This signifies that the computing field is getting more mature each year. The major breakthroughs in theory and practices seem to have been made many years ago. But, personally, I believe that the latest development in large scale web computing technology by the younger generation is within the scope of the award. People like Linus Torvalds could make a great candidate for the award. His contributions to the development of Linux, to the open sourced software development weigh immensely in the history of computing.

By Zodiac Sign

Half jokingly, my friend Nick and I talked about using Zodiac sign as a dimension in the analysis of personalities. In some cases, we do find significant biases in the distribution such as in Turing Award winners. 1 in 6 are Capricorns while only 1 in 30 are Scorpios. Does this mean that Capricorns are 5 times more likely to win Turing Award than Scorpios. I am not in a position to interpret it and will leave it to astrology experts.

To be continued

Will discuss some of the intricacies in the design of this dashboard in another blog.

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2013图灵奖获得者Leslie Lamport!

3月18日,美国ACM协会宣布在微软硅谷研究所的Leslie Lamport获得2013年计算机界最高成就奖-图灵奖!这也是就职于微软研究所的科学家获得的第5个图灵奖!他们分别是:

Chuck Thacker (2009), Jim Gray (1998), Butler Lampson (1992) and Tony Hoare (1980)

 

其中, Jim Gray就是在2007年1月28日,在旧金山出海时失踪的数据库方面的顶尖科学家。

ACM对Lamport获奖的官方评价是:

“For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency.”

 

这个评价很学术。大概意思是:

在分布式系统中,许多事件是离散的。Lamport同学在1978年(中国人民打倒了四人帮?)的时候,就在某一天,随意的写了一篇文章叫做“Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in Pokies a Distributed System”。

从此,世界上的人们知道了什么是因果,什么是并发。。。。。

 

Lamport同学今天在得知自己获奖后,是这样的感慨的:

“During my career I have had the privilege and the benefit of working in some way with about a dozen Turing award winners, including Chuck Thacker, Butler Lampson, Jim Gray, Tony Hoare, Amir Pnueli, and Edsger Dijkstra. I feel greatly honored to have been deemed worthy of joining such a group of brilliant computer scientists.”

 

大概意思是: 终于轮到我了。。。

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张晓东 。《对社会和他人的贡献是检验成功的重要标准》

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CMU老教授对Ph.D的理解

多年前看到的CMU教授写给自己学生的一篇关于如何读Ph.D的文章,甚是经典,特转来与诸位共勉。

 

USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT PH.D. THESIS RESEARCH
H. T. KUNG

(Prepared for “What is Research” Immigration Course,
Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 14 October 1987)
Presntation Outline

1. Introduction
2. Why Ph.D. thesis could be really difficult for a student
3. Types of Ph.D. theses (from Allen Newell)–not a topic of this talk
4. Growth  of  a star (the transformation process that some students go
through to become a mature researcher)–which stage are you in?
5. Stages of Ph.D. thesis research
6. Methods to  get into the depth of a topic (or how to come up with
good ideas)
7. Breaking myths
8. Pitfalls to avoid (easy ones to avoid listed first)
9. Some other general advice
10. All the effort is worth it (believe it or not)

1. Introduction

- Ph.D. thesis is treated very seriously at leading universities.

* Expectation is high.

- Ph.D.  thesis represents a substantial work.  Faculty
often tell other  people  that  “We  have  a  student
working  on  this  area for his or her Ph.D. thesis.”
Amazingly  enough,  this  is  usually  sufficient  to
convince  people that the problem is somehow going to
be solved.

* Ph.D. thesis research is a task to ensure that the student
can   later   take   on  independent,  long-term  research
commitments.  (If a Ph.D.  student does not intend to be a
researcher,  the Ph.D. thesis work is not worth the effort
in general at least at CMU.)

* Through  the  Ph.D.  thesis   process   the   student   is
transformed into a professional researcher.

* Faculty are judged by the theses of their Ph.D. students.

* High  standard  Ph.D.  thesis  is probably one of the most
important  factors  that  contribute  to  the  success  of
graduate education at leading American universities.

* Ph.D.  thesis  is  probably  the  only  real challenge for
getting a Ph.D.  degree.

- Ph.D. qualifier is seldom  a  problem  for  motivated
students.

- Ph.D.  thesis  research  is probably more mechanical than a new
graduate student would think. (Of course the process  is  still
too complex to be automated.)

* Knowing  this  mechanism can be more important than thesis
results themselves.

* Some information presented here may be  relevant  to  your
whole  research career, i.e., it is not just for the Ph.D.
thesis per se.

- This talk consists of pragmatic advice.

* The talk is based on my  personal  experience  (i.e.,  not
based on any serious research)

- I  happen  to have research experience in both theory
and system areas.  We will compare thesis research in
these two areas.

* This  is  a  common sense talk and will have down to earth
discussions.

- “I wish someone told me this before.”

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