2009年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓

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image      斯德哥尔摩,2009年10月6日周二,瑞典皇家科学院宣布,“光纤之父”高锟(Charles K. Kao)、美国科学家威拉德·博伊(Willard S. Boyle)和乔治·史密斯(George E. Smith)一同获得了2009年诺贝尔物理学奖。

      获奖得主中,高锟的成果是“对光纤通讯的突破贡献”,博伊和史密斯的成果是发明电荷耦合器件(CCD)传感器。其实博伊尔除了发明CCD,还有其他重大的发明,比如1962年与他人合作发明第一台红宝石连续激光器,还与另一名科学家获得了有关半导体注入式激光器设想的第一个专利。半导体激光器技术广泛应用于今天的CD录制和播放。

      对于华裔香港物理学家高锟,这里要多点笔墨。笔者上本科课程学光纤通信的时候就知道这位光纤之父。高锟1933年11月4日出生于上海,祖籍江苏金山。幼年教育除了四书五经,父亲送他就读上海的世界学校。1948年他全家移居香港。高锟中学就读于香港圣若瑟书院,1957年他毕业于英国帝国理工学院,获得电子工程理学学士学位,1965年获得英国伦敦大学的博士学位。

      根据维基百科的报道,1966年,当时任职于英国国际电话电报公司附属标准通讯实验室的高锟,在以无数实验为基础的一篇论文中提出:用石英基玻璃纤维进行长距离信息传递,将带来一场通讯事业的革命,并提出当玻璃纤维损耗率下降到20dB/km时,光纤通讯即可成功。他的研究为人类进入光导新纪元打开了大门。(笔者评论,不得不服,博士毕业第二年,博士后研究刚开始,就拿出了世界级的科技成果,年仅33岁)。

      高锟在1987年担任香港中文大学校长,1996年正式退休。退休后他居于香港,并担任香港特区政府科技创新委员会委员。中国科学院紫金山天文台于1996年宣布命名一颗新发现的小行星为“高锟星”,以表扬他在科学上所做的杰出贡献。除了2009年诺贝尔物理奖,他的其他学术荣誉还有:英国皇家工程科学院院士,瑞典皇家工程科学院外籍院士,IEEE Fellow (1979年),美国国家工程院院士(1990年),中华民国中央研究院(Sinica)院士(1992年), 中国科学院外籍院士(1996年6月)。

      高锟拥有英国和美国国籍,目前在香港和美国两边居住。

      不得不说,高先生的所受教育与从事研究的成果基本应该归功于英国而不是我中华。而那篇让他成为光纤之父的文章,在这里:

K. C. Kao, G. A. Hockham (1966), “Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies” , Proc. IEEE 113 (7): 1151–1158.

(4个打分, 平均:4.50 / 5)

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“2009年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓”有21个回复

  1. 李克 于 2009-10-06 10:45 上午

    中年人要努力呀,再不努力真的老了不能动了:)

  2. 李克 于 2009-10-06 11:26 上午

    帖一个九岁的华裔女孩的作文(幼儿时曾在中国生活2年),对自己的英文能力真是惭愧,本来还觉得怎么也能和美国小学低年级的水平差不多,从这篇作文看,那不是差不多,是差多了

    A Drop of Water

    I am a drop of water. I started millions of years ago. I started in the Pacific a long time ago, when the dinosaurs were still alive.

    One day, I was rained into a little puddle of water. During the Triassic period, there wasn’t a lot of water. Did you know that the water we drink is the same water dinosaurs and prehistoric people drank? It really is just a circle of water. This process is called the water cycle. It is evaporation, condensation, then precipitation. Anyway, a dinosaur came, opened its mouth revealing very sharp teeth, and swallowed me!

    When I was in the throat, I suddenly jerked to the side. Oh, I guess I was just going to the stomach. When I was in the stomach, I saw a faint light. I closed my eyes, and when I opened them, I was in a puddle again! After a while I heard thunder. Boom! Boom! It roared. Then I came back to my senses. It was going to rain! After all these years! I felt the prickle of rain water washing me away, along with other water drops. Slosh. Slosh, slosh, I could hear thunder booming and see lightning flashing. I decided not to worry, so I let the other water drops carry me…

    Ugh! I am here! I’m in the Pacific Ocean again! Back at home. I stayed here for about three weeks, admiring the gracefulness of seaweed and the beautiful patterns of the fish, and other creatures. Then it happened…

    The first step in the water cycle: evaporation. I was being vaporized! When I was in the clouds, I met my best friend, Walter. Hey, water drops can have friends, too, right? So I came over to him and said: “Hey Walter! Yeah you, come here, I am your friend! Hi!” He responded what sounded like this: “Hey Wally! I haven’t seen you in a long time!” I walked over to him and we started a conversation for quite a long time. Finally, we waved good-bye and left each other. I think I just felt a rain drop. It’s going to rain again. I wonder where I am going this time…

    Whoosh! One final wave swept me over. When I looked up, I couldn’t believe what I saw. What a mess! Everything was dirty. There were no trees or plants, the nearby river’s water was dirty brown, and as far as I knew, there was no life! All of my million water drops were going to pop out because of the dirtiness. Two tons of garbage was dumped into the filthy water. I hope I am vaporized or it rains again…

    Ah, much better, back into the clouds. I am so happy I am not in that trash-of-a-town place. I hope I meet another friend here. I can see miles from here. If I had some company it would be the perfect life.

    The perfect life…the sound of it makes me want to have it so much! Darn! No time for daydreaming. There is no time because, um…uh…wait a minute…let me check…ah…yes…uh-huh…I got you…okay, I will call you in a couple of days…bye…Sorry about that. I called my family. They said I should come back to our house. There is some kind of reunion.*Yawn*Boring.

    ( 3,000,000 years later)

    I have heard that there is a new body of water. I think it is called the Chesameeke Bay. Wait…no, it is called the Chesapeake Bay. Just wait until you hear the facts! Well, where shall I start…ah! Here. *ah hem*, it’s been around for 3,000 years! Yeah, also ice melted and flooded valleys making the Bay run north. It is also the youngest bay. This bay provides more blue crabs than any where else on the world. The bay is amazing, isn’t it? Rivers, lakes, creeks, etc feeds the Chesapeake Bay fresh water. I think I found my new home. I will ride the Susquehanna River into the Bay. Wait here, I am going to go pack!

  3. 李克 于 2009-10-06 11:45 上午

    Continued with the novel wroted by the same primary scholar at her 5th grader.

    Chapter one

    Saturday September 19, 1795

    “Come, come, you don’t want to be late!” I groaned. Mother was always so bossy, always barking orders. “Hurry! Wash your face, polish your shoes, and powder your face! Hurry!” She continued. I stumbled down the stairs. Mother frowned. “Is that what you are going to wear?”

    It was the fall of 1795. Father was in Pennsylvania, and I was ordered to go join him. I climbed into the wagon with my belongings. I was off to Pennsylvania.

    Then, mother turned to wave to me. I smiled and waved back. I couldn’t help not to feel sad. The driver snapped the reins, and the wagon started moving.

    Later

    I was dozing until the driver suddenly started yelling. I sat up straight, and I did not like what I was hearing.

    “No, you may not have my wagon! This is private property, do ‘ya hear?”

    Thieves!

    Sunday September 20, 1795

    I moaned. Where was I? I gasped. I was in the middle of a street, with no one around me. I shivered. It sure was cold. Where was the wagon with all of my belongings? Where was the driver?

    Later

    I had hiked about three miles, but I was more lost than ever.

    .

    I was cold and tired, but then I saw a light! It was very faint. I began to run, faster and faster, and at last I reached the light. Under the moon, a man carrying a lantern looked at me. I guessed he was at least 70. He gave me a cold, hard, frightening stare and began walking towards me. I tried to run, but my skirt caught into the jagged branch on the cold, hard, ground. He reached for me, and shook me. I was frozen stiff. After that, darkness.

    Chapter Two

    Monday September 21, 1795

    I am too shaken to write.

    Tuesday September 22, 1795

    Now I fear everything. Ever since I saw that man, I have been seeing the most frightening things. Was that man a ghost? I must have been knocked unconscious.

    Later

    I set up camp after dusk. All I had was a willow tree and its branches for protection. I am so hungry! All I had were a few blank sheets of paper and a bottle of ink I found in the pocket of my dress. I happened to catch a few fish in the river. As I tried frantically to start a fire, I heard rustling of leaves right behind me. I spun around and right behind me was a monster.

    Wednesday September 23, 1795

    The monster smiled a horrible toothy grin. It made me sick. It smiled and said: “Look here, what have we got? A girly, got to have some money. Come on, give a coin or two.” I tried to wriggle free, but the monster had me tight in his grip. He smiled that terrifying smile and put me on the ground, then asked again for money. This time it was more like an order. I shoved a coin in his hand. “NOW LEAVE ME ALONE!” I practically screamed in his face. This made him leave. There goes my money. I sighed.

    Later

    Anyway, I continued on. I wished I could lie down, but the wet banks of the rivers prevented it from happening. Just then, I saw a glow on the horizon. A town was nearby!!

    I raced towards the light. I ran, and ran, and ran. What after seemed like hours, I got to the cause of the light. The town was completely deserted, except for a rather tall innkeeper. The innkeeper sighed. I rushed over to him. “What is the matter?” I asked. He just sighed and looked away. “The monster of Roanoke keeps scaring my customers away. After the colony of Roanoke disappeared, everyone has fled to Jamestown, the new colony.” he finally managed to say. I gasped at the thought of a monster. “Is he frightening?” I questioned. The innkeeper looked up and stood up. “Well, of course he is, just go along to Jamestown, where everyone else is. My business is well over.” The innkeeper walked away, leaving me in the dark streets.

    Thursday September 24, 1795

    As I walked down the endless street, I noticed that the houses along the streets were completely deserted, all except for one house. That house had an old beggar sitting on the front steps of the house. He looked up at me and asked for money. I shrugged my shoulders, and told him I had no money to give. He sighed and looked down.

    As I turned around, I saw a coin on the ground. I quickly picked it up. I wondered if I should keep it for myself or give it to the beggar. I found myself turning around and placing it into his hand. He smiled and gave me a piece of bread. I took it, thanked him and walked away.

    Friday September 25, 1795

    Wandering the streets, I wondered if my father noticed me missing. He probably noticed that I was gone, but doesn’t care. After all, I wasn’t his favorite child. I ate my piece of bread, chewing carefully so I could savor the taste. The bread wasn’t very well baked, but I was too hungry to even notice. Looking over my shoulder, I saw that the small flickering light by the road suddenly burned out. The only light I have even writing this entry is the light of the moon. Ah, sorry, the wind made my pen slip.

    I had better stop writing now. I heard that reading or writing with little light can damage your eyes.

    Saturday September 26, 1795

    It is now morning. The early light blinds me. I am sorry that my ink is fading, it is drizzling a bit. I wish it would stop. I have to stop here because I have to dry my paper.

    Later

    Much better, I was freezing in the rain, so cold. As I write this, I am searching for some more paper. I guess I have to write small from now on.

    Good enough? I have to write this small in order to record all of my experiences. I recall my friend said: “ Best to have some, than none” I am conserving my supply of paper.

    Anyway, I found a small nook, perfect for living in. I set my few belongings down and wondered if my life would get any better. I wish I were at home, playing a game of “The Goose”. I felt like I was in the game, making my way to this place then to that. I decided that I needed to clean my new home a little bit. Then, maybe someday I can find my family and live with them with many luxuries.

    I started digging in the ground in hopes of finding edible roots and plants. As I dug, I found a patch of potato skin. As I continued digging I realized that in the ground were potatoes!! I quickly dug up as many as I could, and hurried home. I began dancing around with my prizes! To add on to that, I found some extra paper, so I can write big again!

    As I chopped some wood with the axe I found in the yard, I saw that my new home was the home of a rich person. I worked in the garden from dawn to dusk, digging and planting. I thought I could live a happy life here.

    Chopping away, I heard the whistling of the wind in the trees. Then suddenly I heard a haunting sound: The sound of wailing in the forest. It was like there was a person in the woods, crying for help. I soon realized that it was someone crying for help. As I cautiously approached the woods to the source of the wailing, I saw a frightened looking little boy, who’s face showed pure terror. I looked to the direction that the boy’s face was looking at. I saw a rather large man, waving a whip over his hand. I cowered as he swung the whip and ran to the little boy. He pointed to the evil man, who was still swinging the whip around. As I moved, the whip was brought down on me, and I felt the searing pain on my back.

  4. 陈怀临 于 2009-10-06 1:42 下午

    从概念上而言,是华裔科学家获奖了。。。:–)

  5. 陈怀临 于 2009-10-06 1:47 下午

    看了一些。这篇writing在美国也是非常top的。基本上很难相信一个华裔家庭的小孩的writing这样好。中国人小孩基本上是数学A。writing基本上不是很好。。。

  6. 求求首席,删华为贴吧 于 2009-10-06 1:48 下午

    首席这是黑色幽默哈?
    咱老祖宗留下的恶习之一就是YY,啥有啥没啥的都要跟自己扯上关系。人家是美国人,跟中国人不搭噶,有着精神头,还真比不上修几条嫁先路,搭几个隆平牌坊什么的。。。。

  7. vêtements femmes 于 2009-10-06 10:32 下午

    顶,呵呵

  8. nagayama 于 2009-10-07 2:00 上午

    我毕业上海科学技术大学(7934级学生),我们的系(无线电系)主任黄宏嘉教授当时就有”世界光纤之父”的称谓!黄宏嘉中国电子学家,微波专家,光纤专家,中国科学院院士。现任上海大学教授,名誉校长。1924年8月5日生于湖南临澧。1944 年毕业于西南联合大学电机系。1948年去美国密西根大学研究院学习,获硕士学位,并以优秀成绩获博士奖学金。1949年回国,历任北方交通大学副教授、教授,中国科学院电子学研究所研究室主任,中国科学院上海光学精密机械所理论研究室主任,上海科技大学副校长、名誉校长等职。曾任《光波科学与技术》主编。1980年当选中国科学院学部委员(院士)。1989年被聘为美国麻省理工学院电磁学科学院院士。1991年被授予美国欧罗理工大学名誉科学博士学位。长期致力于微波研究,在微波理论方面发展了耦合波理论,建立了完整的体系。在上海科技大学创建了微波科学研究实验室。领导由几个单位组成的研究组,于1980年在中国首次研制成功单模光纤。发表50多篇论文,并著有《微波原理》(2卷)。他的论著受到国内外微波学者的高度评价。更详细解释 http://www.shimen.gov.cn/list.asp?unid=2691

  9. nagayama 于 2009-10-07 2:19 上午

    世界光纤之父—黄宏嘉

  10. shanghai 于 2009-10-07 4:05 上午

    顶………..

  11. abcd 于 2009-10-07 8:18 上午

    那个millions years ago when dinosaurs still alive,好像几百万年前恐龙已经绝灭了哦

  12. abcd 于 2009-10-07 8:19 上午

    高教授算是中国人啦,只不过是外国国籍而已。他在香港早已人所皆知。

  13. 李克 于 2009-10-07 10:07 上午

    高即使是中国国籍,本质也不算中国的,因为他不是中国教育和工作出来的科学成果,是英国的教育和工作成果。
    你说的恐龙的是对的,那个文章只是show一下一个华裔9岁女孩的英文能力,当然,她是美国的尖子班的,美国在这方面比中国还强,从小学开始就是分级教育,能力高的可以上尖子班,上名校,上贵族学校,校外的各种培训班比一点不比中国差,当然你还得有点钱才行,任何强国,其教育都有强人之处,教育不强的国家,都会差劲

  14. 陈怀临 于 2009-10-07 2:02 下午

    我怀疑这个小女孩是李克同志的亲人关系。例如小侄女,或小外甥女之类的。Again,即使在美国,这篇writing也是非常top的。我想99.999999999%来自大陆的猥琐男(女)学子的英文不如这个女孩。99.8%的美国小孩的writing也不如她。

  15. 李克 于 2009-10-07 11:46 下午

    我也希望她是我的亲戚。我3岁的儿子的语言能力倒是真的很强,已经不再要我讲故事,而是要给我讲故事:)个别语音的东北味改起来让我苦恼不已,东北话被以本山大叔为首的一批人搞得在北方影响太恐怖了。只要有人教,英语学得也会快。
    她是80年代末出国,生物医学博士,后做全职太太,故对美国育儿术颇有研究和心得,详情参见其博客,对育儿有兴趣的博友可以考虑看看是否能有点收获
    http://blog.sina.com.cn/shuiyinger

  16. abcd 于 2009-10-08 1:54 下午

    高即使是中国国籍,本质也不算中国的,因为他不是中国教育和工作出来的科学成果,是英国的教育和工作成果。
    ————–
    没有必要这样啦
    PRC的现行制度应该是比较难出大家
    华人诺奖得主,2人在美国完成中学,2人在香港,2人在台湾,2人在民国大陆,0人在PRC。所以似乎PRC的制度要出有真正创新的还是比较难。

  17. guo 于 2009-10-09 11:39 下午

    不明白这个世界是怎么的! 好是看看吧…http://nptclick.nptcn.cn:9000/5/509959

  18. guo 于 2009-10-09 11:39 下午
  19. 风子明 于 2009-10-10 7:10 上午

    wiki写错了吧
    光纤通信是其博士论文的结论吧
    陈要好好考证一下

  20. 陈怀临 于 2009-10-10 7:37 上午

    同学们,同志们,这不是我写的文章。是高飞同学干的:-)。而且我不是左右互搏。高飞物理上是个大活人。是我的亲密战友:-)。前段时间还有弟兄把高同志批IPV9的某个经典话语按在我头上。。。简直受不了。。。

  21. 高飞 于 2009-10-10 10:43 下午

    哈哈,变成左右互博了。子明,高锟的主要工作的确是在其博士论文期间做出来的(要不然怎么可能博士毕业一年就做出这种成果),但是公开的发表似乎还是公认这篇Proc of IEEE的文章?或者你有其他的论据?