邓稼先传–世界核武器国家主要贡献者名单

作者 | 2008-07-18 13:06 | 类型 人物评述 | 1条用户评论 »

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系列目录 邓稼先传——要知松高洁，待到雪化时

  1. 邓稼先传(前言）
  2. 邓稼先传–邓稼先年鉴
  3. 邓稼先传–杨振宁悼念邓稼先
  4. 邓稼先传–邓稼先弟弟邓先怀念邓稼先
  5. 邓稼先传–邓稼先夫人许鹿希访谈
  6. 邓稼先传–顾以藩悼念邓稼先
  7. 邓稼先传–“做杨振宁，还是邓稼先？”
  8. 邓稼先传–记中国的原子弹科学家
  9. 邓稼先传–纽约时报报道邓稼先去世
  10. 邓稼先传–世界核武器国家主要贡献者名单
  11. 邓稼先传–人民日报社论(向“两弹一星功臣”致敬)
  12. 邓稼先传–两弹一星功勋名单
  13. 邓稼先传– 张爱萍与邓稼先
  14. 邓稼先传–新华社对邓稼先的报道
  15. 邓稼先传-我眼中的邓稼先
  16. 邓稼先传–人民日报号外
  17. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（1）
  18. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（2）
  19. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（3）
  20. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（4）
  21. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（5）
  22. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（6）
  23. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（7）
  24. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（8）
  25. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（9）
  26. 邓稼先传–邓稼先图片集（10）
 
United States U.S.S.R./Russia Britain France China
Warheads
Warheads in
stockpile (2003)		 7,650 active,
~3,000 reserve or
awaiting disassembly		 8,200 active,
~10,000 reserve
or awaiting disassembly		 200 350 400
Peak number of
warheads/year		 32,500/1967 45,000/1986 410/1969 540/1993 450/1993
Total number of
warheads built, years		 70,000
1945–1992		 55,000
1949–2003		 1,200
1952–2001		 1,260
1960–2003		 750
1964–2003
   
  United States U.S.S.R./Russia Britain France China  
Weapon
development
milestones
Atomic bomb
developers		 Leslie R. Groves,
J. Robert
Oppenheimer		 Igor V. Kurchatov,
Yuli B. Khariton,
Boris L. Vannikov, Avraami
P. Zaveniagin		 William G. Penney,
John Cockcroft,
Christopher Hinton
 		 Pierre Guillaumat, Charles Ailleret,
Yves Rocard		 Nie Rongzhen,
Liu Jie,
Deng Jiaxian
Hydrogen bomb
developers		 Stanislaw Ulam,
Edward Teller,
Richard Garwin		 Andrei Sakharov,
Yuli B. Khariton,
Yakov B. Zeldovich		 William Cook,
Bryan Taylor,
John Corner,
Keith Roberts		 Michel Carayol,
Pierre Billaud,
Luc Dagens
Deng Jiaxian,
Yu Min,
Peng Huanwu
First operational ICBM Oct. 31, 1959
Atlas D		 Jan. 20, 1960
SS-6 Sapwood		 none Aug. 2, 1971
S-2 IRBM		 August 1981
Dong Feng-5
First SSN enters
service, vessel name		 January 1955
Nautilus		 August 1958
November		 April 1963
Dreadnought		 January 1971
Le Redoutable		 1974
Han
First SSBN patrol with
Polaris-type SLBM,
vessel, missile name		 Nov. 15, 1960
G. Washington,
Polaris A1		 1968
Navaga/Yankee,
SS-N-6 Serb		 June 1968 Resolution,
Polaris A3		 Jan. 28, 1972
Le Redoutable,
M1		 1986
Xia,
Julang-1
First MIRVed
missile deployed		 Aug. 19, 1970
Minuteman III		 Dec. 25, 1974
SS-18 Satan;
April 26, 1975
SS-19 Stiletto 		December 1994
Trident II SLBM		 April 1985
M-4A SLBM		 none
First warhead deployed
without live nuclear test		 B-61 Mod-11, 1996 unknown unknown TNO/ASMP-A,
2007 (pending)		 unknown
   
   
  United States U.S.S.R./Russia Britain France China  
Testing milestones          
Number of nuclear
tests/detonations		 1,030/1,125 715/969 45/45 210/unknown 45/unknown
First fission test,
type, yield		 July 16, 1945
plutonium, 21 kt		 Aug. 29, 1949
plutonium, 22 kt		 Oct. 3, 1952
plutonium, 25 kt		 Feb. 13, 1960
plutonium,
60–70 kt		 Oct. 16, 1964
uranium 235,
20 kt
First test of boosted
fission weapon, yield 		May 8, 1951
Item, 46 kt		 Aug. 12, 1953
Joe 4, RDS-6c, 400 kt		 June 19, 1956
Mosaic/G2, 60 kt		 Sept. 24, 1966
Rigel, 150 kt		 May 9, 1966
~200 kt
First two-stage thermo-
nuclear test, yield		 Oct. 31, 1952
Mike, 10.4 Mt		 Nov. 22, 1955
RDS-37, 1.6 Mt		 Nov. 11, 1957
Grapple X, 1.8 Mt		 Aug. 24, 1968
Canopus, 2.6 Mt		 June 17, 1967
3 Mt
Months from first fission
bomb to first multistage
thermonuclear bomb		 87 75 61 102 32
First nuclear airdrop,
aircraft used, yield		 Aug. 6, 1946
B-29, 15 kt		 Oct. 18, 1951
Tu-4, 42 kt		 Oct. 11, 1956
Valiant, 3 kt		 July 19, 1966
Mirage IV-A, 60 kt		 May 14, 1965
Hong 6, 35–40 kt
Atmospheric tests,
including underwater		 215 219 21 45 (five were zero-
yield safety tests)		 23
Total Mts expended
atmospheric/underground		 141/38 247/38 8/0.9 10/4 21.9/1.5
Largest atmospheric
test, yield		 Feb. 28, 1954
Bravo, 15 Mt		 Oct. 30, 1961
50 Mt		 April 28, 1958
Grapple Y, 3 Mt		 Aug. 24, 1968
Canopus, 2.6 Mt		 Nov. 17, 1976
4 Mt
Last atmospheric test Nov. 4, 1962 Dec. 25, 1962 Sept. 23, 1958 Sept. 15, 1974 Oct. 15, 1980
First underground test July 26, 1957 Oct. 11, 1961 March 1, 1962 Nov. 7, 1961 Sept. 23, 1969
Largest underground
test, yield		 Nov. 6, 1971
5 Mt		 Oct. 27, 1973
2.8–4 Mt		 Dec. 5, 1985
<150 kt		 July 25, 1979
120 kt		 May 21, 1992
660 kt
Last test Sept. 23, 1992 Oct. 24, 1990 Nov. 26, 1991 Jan. 27, 1996 July 29, 1996
Major test sites,
(number of tests)		 Nevada (901),
Enewetak (43),
Bikini (23), Christ-
mas Island (24)		 Semipalatinsk (456),
Novaya Zemlya (130)		 Nevada (24), Aus-
tralia (12), Christ-
mas Island (6),
Malden Island (3)		 Algeria (17),
Mururoa (175),
Fangataufa (12)		 Lop Nur (45)
First computer-
simulated test		 2001, 12 teraflops
White computer
at LLNL, fully cou-
pled primary and sec-
ondary explosion		 unknown Pending; 3 teraflops
Blue Oak computer
at AWE Burghfield		 Pending; 5 tera-
flops Tera com-
puter at DAM-Ile
de France Center,
Bruyères-le-Châtel		 unknown
   
             
  United States U.S.S.R./Russia Britain France China  
  Nuclear
infrastructure		  
   
  Assembly and
disassembly plants		 Pantex, near
Amarillo, Texas		 Avangard, Sarov
(Arzamas-16), Lesnoy
(Sverdlovsk-45), Trekh-
gorny (Zlatoust-36),
Zarechny (Penza-19)		 AWE Burghfield,
near Reading		 Centre d’Études
de Valduc, in
Côte d’Or		 Zitong, in Sichuan  
   
  Plutonium and tritium
production sites,
number of reactors		 Hanford, 9*;
Savannah River, 5*;
Watts Bar, 1; Se-
quoyah, 1 (tritium)		 Ozersk (Chelyabinsk-65),
6*; Seversk (Tomsk-7), 2,
3*; Zheleznogorsk
(Krasnoyarsk-26), 1, 2*		 Calder Hall, 4;
Chapelcross, 4;
Windscale, 2*		 Marcoule, 3*;
Chinon, 2*;
Bugey, 1*;
Phénix, 1;
Celestin, 2*		 Jiuquan, in Gansu, 1;
Guangyuan, in Sich-
uan, 1		  
   
  Uranium enrichment
plants		 Oak Ridge,*
Portsmouth,*
Paducah		 Angarsk, Novouralsk
(Sverdlovsk-44),
Seversk (Tomsk-7),
Zelenogorsk
(Krasnoyarsk-45)		 Capenhurst* Pierrelatte* Lanzhou, in Gansu;
Heping, in Sichuan		  
   
  Chief design labs LANL, New
Mexico; LLNL,
California; Sandia,
New Mexico and
California		 Sarov (Arzamas-16),
Snezhinsk
(Chelyabinsk-70),
Institute of Auto-
matics in Moscow		 Aldermaston,
near Reading		 Centre d’Études
de Bruyères-le-
Châtel		 Chinese Academy of
Engineering Physics
(CAEP), Mianyang,
in Sichuan		  
   
  Current directors
and administrators		 Spencer Abraham,
energy secretary;
Linton Brooks, NNSA
administrator; Pete
Nanos, LANL acting
director; Michael R.
Anastasio, LLNL
director; C. Paul
Robinson, Sandia
director and president		 Alexander Rumyantsev,
atomic energy minister;
Radii I. Ilkayev, Sarov
director; Georgii N.
Rykovanov, Snezhinsk
director		 Willy Bach, under-
secretary of state
and minister for
defence procure-
ment; Bill Haight,
AWE managing
director		 Alain Bugat,
CEA general
administrator;
Alain Delpuech,
CEA director of
military
applications		 Cao Gangchuan,
director of General
Armament Depart-
ment (People’s Lib-
eration Army); Zhu
Zulang, director of
CAEP		  
   
             
  *No longer operational. AWE, Atomic Weapons Establishment; CEA, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique; kt, kiloton(s); ICBM, intercontinental ballistic missile; IRBM, intermediate-range ballistic missile; LANL, Los Alamos National Laboratory; LLNL, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; MIRV, multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle; Mt, megaton(s); NNSA, National Nuclear Security Administration; SLBM, submarine-launched ballistic missile; SSBN, nuclear-powered ballistic-missile submarine; SSN, nuclear-powered attack submarine
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“邓稼先传–世界核武器国家主要贡献者名单”有1个回复

  1. ke 于 2013-11-02 7:32 下午

    基本上还是美国在引领潮流啊